Table 3 Factors affecting hospitalization, PAP, CHE-10/25, living arrangements, and economic dependence in India’s elderly
| Total |
Reporting of hospitalization OR (95% CI) |
Reporting of PAP OR (95% CI) |
CHE-10 OR (95% CI) |
CHE-25 OR (95% CI) |
Living alone OR (95% CI) |
Economically dependent OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age group (years, ref:60–69) | ||||||
| 70–79 | 1.33 (1.27–1.40)* | 1.25 (1.19–1.32)* | 1.02 (0.93–1.13) | 1.07 (0.96–1.19) | 1.02 (0.86–1.21) | 1.93 (1.82–2.04)* |
| 80 and above | 1.37 (1.27–1.48)* | 1.50 (1.39–1.61)* | 1.00 (0.87–1.16) | 0.99 (0.84–1.16) | 0.86 (0.65–1.12) | 3.59 (3.23–3.99)* |
| Place of Residence (ref: rural) | ||||||
| Urban | 1.23 (1.16–1.29)* | 1.44 (1.37–1.51)* | 0.50 (0.45–0.56)* | 0.53 (0.47–0.59)* | 0.86 (0.72–1.02) | 0.98 (0.92–1.03) |
| Gender (ref: male) | ||||||
| Female | 0.69 (0.65–0.72)* | 0.98 (0.93–1.03) | 0.79 (0.71–0.87)* | 0.78 (0.70–0.88)* | 2.82 (2.38–3.35)* | 10.13 (9.53–10.8)* |
| Surviving Children (ref: no child) | ||||||
| At least one child | 0.97 (0.85–1.09) | 1.32 (1.16–1.50)* | 0.75 (0.60–0.95) | 0.81 (0.64–1.03) | 0.24 (0.19–0.30)* | 2.06 (1.80–2.36)* |
| Social Groups (ref: ST) | ||||||
| SC | 1.09 (0.99–1.20) | 1.81 (1.63–2.02)* | 1.35 (1.10–1.66)** | 1.55 (1.19–2.00)** | 1.28 (0.92–1.79) | 1.06 (0.95–1.17) |
| OBC | 1.16 (1.07–1.27)** | 1.89 (1.71–2.08)* | 1.46 (1.21–1.75)* | 1.68 (1.33–2.11)* | 1.22 (0.90–1.64) | 1.20 (1.09–1.31)* |
| General | 1.18 (1.08–1.29)* | 2.08 (1.89–2.29)* | 1.41(1.17–1.69)* | 1.59 (1.26–2.01)* | 1.22 (0.90–1.65) | 1.19 (1.08–1.30)* |
| Education (ref: illiterate) | ||||||
| Up to primary | 1.09 (1.03–1.16)** | 1.33 (1.26–1.41)* | 1.18 (1.05–1.33)** | 1.26 (1.11–1.44)* | 0.73 (0.60–0.90)** | 0.85 (0.79–0.91)* |
| Up to secondary | 0.98 (0.92–1.05) | 1.17 (1.10–1.25)* | 1.40(1.22–1.60)* | 1.50(1.30–1.73)* | 0.36 (0.28–0.46)* | 0.54 (0.50–0.58)* |
| Above Secondary | 0.91(0.84–0.99)** | 1.02 (0.94–1.11) | 1.48 (1.26–1.74)* | 1.60(1.34–1.90)* | 0.34 (0.26–0.45)* | 0.26 (0.24–0.28)* |
| Household occupation (ref: self-employed) | ||||||
| Regular Wages | 1.02 (0.95–1.08) | 1.12 (1.05–1.19)* | 1.01 (0.89–1.14) | 0.93 (0.81–1.08) | 0.49 (0.28–0.87)** | NA |
| Casual Labourer | 1.03 (0.96–1.10) | 1.23 (1.15–1.32)* | 0.99 (0.86–1.13) | 1.13 (0.97–1.32) | 3.01 (2.21–4.09)* | NA |
| Economic quintile (ref: poorest) | ||||||
| Poor | 1.11 (1.03–1.20)** | 1.29 (1.19–1.39)* | 0.63 (0.53–0.73)* | 0.63 (0.53–0.74)* | 0.60 (0.45–0.81)** | 0.96 (0.88–1.04) |
| Middle | 1.31 (1.22–1.41)* | 1.56 (1.44–1.68)* | 0.56 (0.48–0.64)* | 0.59 (0.50–0.69)* | 0.79 (0.61–1.03) | 0.90 (0.83–0.97)** |
| Rich | 1.44 (1.38–1.55)* | 1.68 (1.56–1.81)* | 0.47 (0.40–0.54)* | 0.51 (0.43–0.60)* | 1.11 (0.87–1.42) | 0.80 (0.74–0.87)* |
| Richest | 1.69 (1.56–1.82)* | 2.47 (2.29–2.66)* | 0.36 (0.31–0.42)* | 0.40 (0.34–0.47)* | 1.38 (1.09–1.75) | 0.71 (0.65–0.77)* |
| Insurance coverage (ref: No) | ||||||
| Yes | 1.27 (1.20–1.34)* | NA | 0.52 (0.47–0.58)* | 0.57 (0.50–0.64)* | NA | NA |
| Provider (ref: public) | ||||||
| Private | NA | NA | 8.18 (7.41–9.02)* | 7.52 (6.6–8.51)* | NA | NA |
| Economic independence (ref: independent) | ||||||
| Dependent | 1.39 (1.31–1.47)* | 1.26 (1.19–1.33)* | 1.06 (0.95–1.18) | 0.94 (0.83–1.06) | NA | NA |
| Living arrangement (ref: with spouse/family) | ||||||
| Living alone | 2.40 (2.07–2.78)* | 1.66 (1.43–1.93)* | 2.07 (1.62–2.64)* | 2.04 (1.59–2.62)* | NA | 0.16 (0.14–0.19)* |
| Constant | 0.16 (0.14–0.19)* | 0.05 (0.04–0.06)* | 0.56 (0.41–0.76)* | 0.14 (0.10–0.19)* | 0.009(0.006–0.014)* | 0.64 (0.54–0.75)* |
| Model Details | ||||||
| Log likelihood | −23,767.779 | −24,171.993 | − 6115.6486 | − 5128.930 | − 2938.437 | −19,561.532 |
| Number of observations | 42,755 | 42,755 | 10,801 | 10,801 | 42,760 | 42,755 |
| LR Chi2 | 1369.42 | 1974.30 | 2655.74 | 1793.75 | 2396.66 | 12,375.97 |
| Prob>Chi2 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.0000 |
| Pseudo R2 | 0.028 | 0.039 | 0.178 | 0.149 | 0.2897 | 0.2403 |
| Mean Variance inflation factor | 1.56 | 1.58 | 1.65 | 1.65 | 1.63 | 1.620 |
| Mean Pregibon dbeta | 0.258 | 0.275 | 0.45 | 0.245 | 0.019 | 0.709 |
| Specification error (linktest): predicted value (_hat)[p > |z|] | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Specification error (linktest): predicted value squared (_hatsq) [p > |z|] | 0.315 | 0.141 | 0.369 | 0.314 | 0.387 | 0.081 |