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Table 6 Living arrangement and economic independence in elderly population of India

From: Equity and elderly health in India: reflections from 75th round National Sample Survey, 2017–18, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic

  Living arrangements Economic independence Physically immobile Poor perception of current health Perception of change in state of health being worse
Living with spouse and other members Living with spouse only Living without-spouse but with children/relatives Living alone Independent Partially dependent Fully dependent
Total 50.3 14.1 31.5 4.2 30.1 22.9 47.0 7.6 19.6 21.0
Age group (years)
 60–69 54.9 16.0 25.1 4.1 35.0 23.9 41.2 4.5 13.6 16.2
 70–79 44.2 11.5 39.9 4.5 23.1 22.5 54.4 9.3 26.8 26.3
 80 and above 31.7 7.3 57.1 4.0 12.3 17.0 70.8 27.5 46.0 43.7
Place of Residence
 Rural 51.1 13.4 31.1 4.4 28.5 24.5 47.0 7.6 21.4 22.8
 Urban 48.6 15.5 32.2 3.7 33.3 19.7 47.0 7.5 16.1 17.3
Gender
 Male 64.1 17.9 16.4 1.6 50.9 22.9 26.1 6.2 17.4 19.6
 Female 37.0 10.4 46.0 6.6 10.0 23.0 67.1 8.9 21.7 22.4
Marital Status
 Never Married/ 4.6 3.6 69.6 22.2 37.3 17.1 45.6 8.4 21.7 19.4
 Currently married 74.8 21.7 3.3 0.3 38.3 23.1 38.6 5.3 16.2 18.6
 Widowed 5.4 0.2 83.4 11.0 14.5 22.7 62.8 11.9 26.0 25.6
Surviving Children
 At least one child 52.1 12.8 31.5 3.6 29.1 23.5 47.5 7.6 19.7 21.3
 No child 8.9 43.5 31.4 16.1 53.1 11.3 35.6 7.4 17.3 15.0
Social Groups
 ST 48.7 12.6 34.5 4.2 25.7 25.3 49.1 6.4 17.6 15.7
 SC 51.1 14.4 30.2 4.2 29.0 25.2 45.8 7.6 21.3 22.6
 OBC 48.3 13.1 34.3 4.3 28.5 23.8 47.7 8.0 18.8 20.8
 General 52.6 15.4 28.0 4.0 33.4 20.3 46.3 7.2 20.2 21.3
Education
 Illiterate 44.9 11.3 38.8 5.0 21.0 23.5 55.5 8.7 21.8 23.5
 Up to primary 54.0 13.2 29.4 3.4 29.5 26.0 44.5 7.6 20.2 20.3
 Up to secondary 60.1 17.8 19.8 2.4 42.0 22.2 35.8 5.4 16.9 18.5
 Above Secondary 57.0 25.4 13.8 3.8 61.8 15.0 23.2 4.5 10.9 12.8
Household occupation
 Self employed 58.0 9.2 32.1 0.8 30.3 22.6 47.1 7.3 18.9 21.1
 Regular Wages 56.3 3.5 39.7 0.5 21.8 26.0 52.2 9.3 17.5 18.4
 Casual Labourer 48.3 10.2 38.5 3.1 26.7 25.9 47.4 7.9 22.0 22.8
Economic quintile-Rural
 Poorest 55.3 10.5 29.7 4.5 26.2 28.1 45.7 8.4 21.8 22.5
 Poor 54.2 6.0 36.7 3.1 25.4 25.3 49.3 7.6 22.3 20.9
 Middle 53.7 12.3 31.5 2.5 27.0 25.7 47.4 6.4 19.5 24.5
 Rich 49.2 14.5 31.4 4.8 29.1 23.5 47.4 7.2 21.3 21.8
 Richest 43.6 22.7 26.7 7.0 34.2 20.5 45.3 8.3 22.1 24.1
Economic quintile-Urban
 Poorest 54.2 6.6 35.9 3.2 26.3 25.4 48.4 8.5 16.5 20.4
 Poor 56.0 7.5 34.3 2.3 30.6 19.5 49.9 7.3 16.9 17.9
 Middle 50.4 12.6 34.7 2.3 30.6 18.5 50.8 5.9 17.4 17.3
 Rich 45.8 22.2 27.8 4.3 35.9 18.6 45.5 6.8 14.1 15.1
 Richest 35.6 29.8 28.2 6.5 45.1 15.7 39.3 9.5 15.5 15.6
  1. Source: Authors’ computation from unit records of NSSO 75th Round 2017–18